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Food production

Food production Bangladesh is a sub-tropical country located in the southeast of Asia. In this naturally fertile land, it is possible to improve the standard of living including socio-economic and food and nutrition security by increasing agricultural production. According to the data of BBS 2014-15, the current population of Bangladesh is about 173 million and 20-22 million people are being added to the population every year. It is estimated that by 2050, if Bangladesh's population continues to grow at a rate of 1.38 percent, the population will be about 23.0 crore. Strengthening food production and management is essential to ensure food and nutrition security for this growing population. The contribution of agriculture sector to GDP is 15.33% and the contribution of crop sector to agriculture sector is 54.28% (Economic Survey 2016). Globally, 460 million tons of rice is produced in 160 million hectares of paddy land in the world. An additional 25 percent production will be needed to meet the needs of the world's population by 2030. According to a UNDP study, Bangladesh's population growth rate was 2.75 percent in 1970 and slowed to 1.22 percent in 2014. As described, the population of Bangladesh will stand at 215.4 million in 2050 and will stabilize at 24.26 million in the Silver Jubilee of Independence (BRRI 2015). Above all, scientists need to adopt research and development plans with the idea of ​​meeting the food needs of 250 million people (BRRI 2015). rice1-300x225 Significant subsidies and urea, TSP, DAP, MOP fertilizers, reduction in oil prices, subsidization of agricultural mechanization, increase in irrigation facilities, incentives in agriculture, radical change in fertilizer distribution system, supply of high quality rice seeds, adversity tolerance. As a result of variety innovation, rice production has increased by 3.4 lakh tonnes in the last few years. In recent times, Bangladesh has achieved unprecedented success in grain production. At present the production of rice is 3 crore 46 lakh tons. If this trend of increasing crop production continues, the production of rice will be 46.2 million tons in 2050 and on the contrary, in 2050, rice will be needed to meet the food needs of 21.54 million people. The statistics of the last 10 years show that the production of major crops such as paddy, wheat, maize, potato, pulses, oilseeds, fruits and vegetables is gradually increasing. Crop diversification, increased crop density, subsidies on agricultural inputs, progress in research and expansion are all factors in the success of the government's inputs distribution policy. The first and foremost challenge in achieving the goal of achieving sustainable food security is to accelerate the genetic gain of modern varieties of rice. Crop area in the country is declining at the rate of 0.73% or 7.60 hectare per year (Source SRDI-2013). As a result, there is less opportunity to expand cultivable land. Therefore, the need for a profitable, sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural system to ensure long-term food security is immense. Coping with the problems posed by climate change, efficiency in the use of inputs, protection of soil health, post-harvest losses, conservation and distribution of agricultural products, and ensuring food security for a growing population on declining arable land is a major challenge for Bangladesh's agriculture. In this case, vertical expansion is inevitable as the horizontal expansion of food production is blocked. Hybrid varieties with high yielding varieties (HYV) are already being used in crop production. Efforts are being made to produce new varieties of Bt-rich eggplant and RB-gene-rich potatoes and other GMO seeds. Seed is one of the agricultural inputs. Using only good seeds can increase crop productivity by about 20%. 23% quality seeds are used in agriculture in Bangladesh and about 20% of the seeds are supplied / sold to the farmers by packaging them in an officially tested way. The remaining 80% of seeds are sold in the open without testing; With which it is not possible to produce the desired crop. The government is implementing a number of activities including digging canals using surface water and setting up rubber dams on rivers. The Ministry of Agriculture has taken initiative to increase crop productivity and cropping intensity by introducing new cropping pattern through the inclusion of economical irrigation crops. There is a need to increase the average yield up to 4.82 t / ha by adopting sophisticated breeding techniques and taking timely steps at the field level. For this we need to accelerate genetic gain at the rate of 0.44 ton / ha per year. Qualitative changes are taking place in the food list as a result of conducting "nutritious balanced food management" activities to achieve sustainable food security for the people. People are using bread instead of rice and the use of fruits and vegetables is increasing. The only goal of the government is to create employment, increase income and alleviate poverty of the rural people by inventing and expanding improved varieties and sustainable production technologies of different crops. Research institutes are working tirelessly to innovate new varieties and production technologies of paddy, wheat, maize, jute, cotton, sugarcane and other crops such as tuber crops, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits, flowers, spices etc. Agricultural scientists, agricultural extension experts are emphasizing on eco-friendly crop varieties and production technologies according to different agro-ecological zones. Various adverse conditions such as-